Significantly, aerobic accounts while in the baseline and you can reactivity when you look at the message-preparing task don’t differ because of the sex or characteristic resilience
Removed together with her, self-report and you may psychological investigation imply that the brand new speech-preparation activity induced nervousness and you may cardiovascular reactivity which had been rather some other off standard profile; such variables did not differ considering intercourse and you can attribute strength
To test this type of hypotheses, Tugade and you will Fredrickson (2004) built-up continuous procedures from cardio reacting off every participants (Letter = 57) at a sampling rate of a thousand Hz. Half dozen indices out-of aerobic reacting was indeed built-up, also (1) pulse rate (HR), (2) hand heart circulation amplitude (FPA), (3) pulse transmission moments to the digit (PTF), (4) heart circulation indication time for you to the new ear canal (PTE), (5) diastolic blood pressure level (DBP), and you may (6) systolic blood circulation pressure (SBP). Immediately following a resting baseline, stress is experimentally created of the advising players that they might have sixty sec so you’re able to mentally get ready a demonstration to the a self-associated material. Following sixty-sec, speech-planning task, you will find good 3-minute recovery several months. People as well as accomplished mind-profile of personal emotional sense, background negative and positive mood (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1989), and you will trait strength (Cut off & Kremen, black singles profile examples 1996).
Results showed that, across the most of the players, the latest speech thinking activity put personal feel away from anxiety and you can grows in cardio reactivity from baseline (pick Dining table 1 ). This type of transform mirror activity-induced, cardiovascular arousal, that has heartbeat acceleration, increased blood pressure, and you may peripheral vasoconstriction.
Desk step 1
Notice. Recreated having consent throughout the APA. Time = heartrate in sounds for each minute; FPA = thumb pulse amplitude from inside the mv; PTF = pulse sign time and energy to this new digit and you may PTE = heartbeat signal time for you to this new ear canal, each for the msec; DBP = diastolic hypertension and you can SBP = systolic blood circulation pressure, for each and every into the mmHg. Asterices imply alter somewhat some other setting baseline steps of the in this-subject t-screening (df = 55).
Our first prediction was that trait resilience would predict subjective reports of positive emotionality. Results revealed support for this prediction: Trait resilience was positively associated with positive mood as assessed by the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988) (r = .38, p<.01), (but not associated with negative mood). Adding further support to our first prediction, we found that higher trait resilience was associated with more happiness (r = .47, p<.01) and more interest (r = .33, p<.01) during the speech preparation task. To quantify positive emotionality in a single measure, we created a composite index by summing the standardized scores of positive mood and standardized emotion reports of happiness in response to the speech preparation task. 1 As predicted, trait resilience was positively related to the positive emotionality composite index (r = .46, p<.001).
Our second prediction was that psychological resilience would be negatively related with duration of cardiovascular reactivity. We calculated an aggregate index of duration of cardiovascular reactivity (time to return to baseline levels) for each participant by computing the mean duration score across the six cardiovascular indices (for a detailed description of this data-reduction technique, see Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). As predicted, findings demonstrated that trait resilience was negatively correlated to duration of cardiovascular reactivity (r = ?.26, p<.05), indicating that those with higher trait resilience evidenced faster cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal.
Our final prediction stated that positive emotions would mediate the effect of resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity following the speech-preparation task. The statistical analysis framework suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) was used to test for mediation effects. Findings revealed support for our final prediction: Data indicated that the effect of trait resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity was no longer significant when controlling for positive emotionality (Beta = ?.15, t<1, ns) (for full details of the test of mediation, please refer to Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).